Integrating Prevention, Physical Security, Emergency Response, Communications, and School Safety Focused Mental Health Support

Recently, Evio Group has added to its portfolio multiple school safety vendors. We’re thrilled to work with these innovative companies working to develop products aimed at combating targeted violence in our schools, making our nations schools safer. These targeted attacks, while statistically rare are nonetheless devastating for the families of the victims, the school and the local community. The good news. Targeted violence is preventable.

1. Introduction to School Safety

Evio Group’s core expertise is centered in technology product development and go-to-market activities. In this new endeavor, we wish preventing targeted violence was as simple as discovering and bringing a new technology to market. This scourge of targeted violence is a human failing. We’re dealing with unpredictable, shocking and violent behavior. Most people don’t want to think about it. And that apathy becomes one of the biggest challenges to stopping the cycle of violence.

The Parkland tragedy on February 14, 2018, has taught us that preventing such incidents requires a comprehensive approach. Technology can play a significant role in prevention, especially given its advanced capabilities. However, analyzing past attacks reveals that the lack of technology was not the root cause and that technology alone would not have averted them. The failures lie within the system and human factors. Preventative measures were either absent or ineffective, communication among responsible parties was non-existent or broke down, opportunities to enhance campus security were missed, and the response fell short of what was necessary.

Ensuring the safety of schools has emerged as a top priority in modern education. Given the increasing occurrences of violence, bullying, and other forms of threats, it is crucial for teachers, school administrators, and community members to implement a comprehensive approach to enhance the security and well-being of students and faculty. This article examines different methods to enhance school safety, with a specific focus on prevention, physical security measures, preparedness for emergencies, communication systems, and the overall school environment.

2. Targeted Violence Prevention Strategies

2.1 Identifying Threats and Vulnerabilities

Identifying potential threats and vulnerabilities is the initial action to improve school safety. It is crucial for schools to regularly assess both internal and external risks. This encompasses analyzing any crimes that might be happening on or near the school premises, addressing concerning student behaviors, and identifying possible security weaknesses. Collaborating with local law enforcement and security experts in advance can offer valuable insights into these risks, helping prevent targeted violence.

Moreover, it is crucial for educational institutions to adopt a comprehensive protocol for assessing potential dangers. This protocol should involve gathering information from students, faculty, and parents regarding observed behaviors that may indicate threats. By taking a proactive approach, schools can not only identify risks but also cultivate a sense of vigilance and accountability within the school community.

In Florida, we have recently implemented a novel threat assessment model known as The Florida Harm Prevention and Threat Management Model. This model places a strong emphasis on threat management rather than assessment, addressing the shortcomings of previous approaches. The primary objective of this model is to assess the level of concern associated with a potential threat and, more importantly, manage the threat by understanding its underlying causes and allocating resources to resolve them. The Florida Harm Prevention and Threat Management Model states in its introductory paragraph that this shift in focus is essential.

The aim of the threat management process is to intervene at the earliest stage to provide assistance to students and to alter or disrupt concerning behavior for the benefit of the student and school.

Florida Harm Prevention and Threat Management pg. 3.

The objective of any school safety initiatives is to avert violence or harm within the school community. Threat management employs a systematic approach to identify students who display threatening or worrisome behavior, gather information to evaluate the risk of harm to themselves or others, and determine suitable interventions to prevent violence and foster positive outcomes. This process utilizes a non-punitive assessment to differentiate between harmless and severe situations.

2.2 Training Students and Faculty

Training plays a crucial role in the prevention of school violence. Programs aimed at educating students and faculty about safety protocols, conflict resolution, and recognizing warning signs can significantly mitigate risks. Workshops and seminars can be employed to train both students and staff in identifying and reporting suspicious behavior.

Moreover, creating an environment that encourages open dialogue about safety concerns empowers students to speak up without fear of retribution. Programs that enhance awareness and understanding of mental health issues can also foster a supportive atmosphere, allowing students to seek help when needed. Evio Group managing partner, Ryan Petty has written about these programs as methods to improve communication between students, staff and parents. Here is where technology can and does play a vital role in giving students and staff the ability to report safety concerns to administrators or law enforcement.

2.3 Implementing School Safety Focused Mental Health Programs

A critical component of school safety is the mental health of students. Schools should implement mental health programs focused specifically on violence prevention and not on the overall mental well-being of students. Our schools, and specifically our teachers are not mental health professionals and should be focused on teaching, not providing student counseling. Providing counseling services and mental health resources is the role of parents and family members first, and the community as a backup.

However, there should be policy in place that requires open lines of communications between private or community mental health services provided to students and the school threat management team, when a student has been identified as a potential threat. By addressing mental health issues proactively through threat management, schools can prevent situations that may lead to violence or self-harm.

Peer support systems and mentorship programs can also play a significant role in promoting a healthy school environment.

3. Physical Security Measures

3.1 Hardening School Infrastructure

Physical security measures are vital for creating a safe environment. This includes constructing secure entrances, utilizing controlled access points, and ensuring that all entry and exit locations are monitored. Schools that have the basics completed can consider more extensive and costly upgrades to existing infrastructure to enhance security, such as installing bullet-resistant glass and reinforced doors.

Often overlooked, landscaping should be designed to minimize hiding spots around the school premises. This not only enhances visibility but also deters potential threats. Regular maintenance of the school grounds is essential to keep the environment secure.

3.2 Surveillance Systems and Access Controls

Implementing surveillance systems, including CCTV cameras, can significantly enhance school safety by providing real-time monitoring capabilities. But video surveillance is only as good as the humans monitor it. Surveillance systems should be designed to identify areas of concern, weapons, fighting, previous campus crime and monitored during schools hours for concerning activity. Surveillance cameras should cover all critical areas, such as entrances, hallways, and common areas, enabling law enforcement to respond swiftly in emergencies.

Access control systems also play a critical role in securing schools. Utilizing keycard systems, biometric scanners, and visitor management software ensures that only authorized individuals can enter school premises, reducing the risk of unauthorized access. Another area of opportunity is using technology for weapons, vaping and other prohibited items. For example, Evio Group client, Metrasens has developed a revolutionary passive ferrous metal detector that detects weapons, vapes and other metallic objects like knives. It is currently used in medical, educational and corrections applications. It is undoubtedly saving lives and adds an extra layer of protection for school activities.

3.3 Safe Design Principles in School Architecture

Integrating safe design principles into school architecture can enhance security while promoting a positive learning environment. Designs that incorporate natural surveillance, such as windows overlooking common areas and open layouts, can deter potentially harmful behavior. There are two organizations that have published recommendations to help school planners create schools that have safety as a core design principle.

The first is the Partner Alliance for Safer Schools (PASS). PASS offers, offers the most comprehensive information available on best practices specifically for securing school facilities, vetted extensively by experts across the education, public safety and industry sectors. PASS has published safety and security guidelines that can be incorporated in school designs and also to retrofit existing schools. And best of all the PASS guidelines are free. The second is the American Institute of Architects (AIA). They’ve compiled a series of school design and safety research that can be invaluable in creating safer schools.

Moreover, designs should consider escape routes and safe zones in case of emergencies. Collaborating with architects who specialize in secure educational environments can yield innovative solutions tailored to specific needs.

4. Emergency Preparedness Protocols

4.1 Developing Comprehensive Emergency Plans

Having well-documented emergency plans is essential for effective crisis management. Schools should develop comprehensive plans that cover various scenarios, including natural disasters, active shooter situations, and medical emergencies. These plans should detail roles and responsibilities for staff, evacuation procedures, and communication strategies.

Regularly reviewing and updating these plans ensures they remain relevant and effective. Engaging stakeholders, including local first responders, can provide critical insights into developing a robust emergency preparedness response.

4.2 Conducting Regular Drills and Training

Practicing emergency protocols through regular drills is crucial for preparedness. Schools must schedule drills for various scenarios, allowing students and faculty to become familiar with evacuation routes and emergency procedures. These drills help build confidence and ensure everyone knows their responsibilities during a crisis.

Contrary to those that claim these drills are harmful to students, “[a]vailable research supports the effectiveness of non-sensorial lockdown drills
(i.e., drill done by calmly walking and talking through the procedures, with no simulation of a real-life event) implemented according to best practices”¹. Further to this point, “[p]racticing disaster response procedures has been found to increase the probability of adaptive behavior during a crisis^2,3. A 2007 study of 74 students found, “drills implemented according to best practice may have the potential to increase short-term knowledge and skill acquisition without subsequently altering anxiety or perceived safety.”⁴.

Training sessions for faculty on how to respond to different emergency situations create a knowledgeable staff ready to handle crises effectively. Involving students in these drills fosters a sense of ownership over their safety and preparedness.

4.3 Engaging the Community in Preparedness Efforts

Collaboration with the community is essential for effective emergency preparedness. Schools should engage parents, local businesses, and law enforcement in discussions about safety initiatives and emergency planning. This collaborative approach creates a network of support and resources, enhancing overall efficacy during a crisis.

Community engagement can also include workshops and information sessions that educate parents and community members about school safety policies, emergency protocols, and how they can contribute to creating a safe environment.

5. Enhanced Communication Systems

5.1 Establishing Clear Communication Channels

Effective communication is key in ensuring the safety of students and staff during emergencies. Schools should establish clear channels for disseminating information quickly and accurately. This may include utilizing mass notification systems, emails, text messages, and social media platforms to keep everyone informed in real-time.

Training staff in communication protocols during emergencies ensures that messages are conveyed clearly and consistently. Establishing a designated communication officer can streamline this process and enhance response capability.

5.2 Collaboration Between Schools and First Responders

Collaboration with local law enforcement and emergency services is vital for enhancing school safety. Regular meetings between school officials and first responders can help establish protocols for various situations and improve response times during emergencies. Clearly defined roles and responsibilities, as well as practice will ensure that the chaos of an attack won’t create more casualties.

Schools and first responders should take advantage of drills to practice for events of targeted violence. Conducting joint training exercises can ensure that both school staff and first responders are familiar with the school layout and emergency plans, fostering a collaborative approach to safety and security.

5.3 Technology Solutions for Real-Time Communication

Leveraging technology can significantly enhance communication during emergencies. Utilizing apps and software that allow for instant messaging among faculty and staff can streamline communication efforts. Furthermore, implementing systems that allow for anonymous reporting of concerns or threats encourages students to share information without fear. Student reporting apps like Fortify Florida (FortifyFL), SaferWatch, SafeUT, Safe2Tell are vital in allowing students and staff to report unsafe conditions or concerning behaviors. Anonymous reporting apps coupled with a school based threat management team, is the best option for preventing violence in the first place.

Integrating technology solutions not only improves the speed of communication but also fosters a culture of transparency and involvement among the school community.

6. Improving School Climate

6.1 Fostering Positive Relationships Among Students

A positive school climate is vital for enhancing overall safety. Programs focused on building relationships among students can help create a supportive environment where individuals feel valued and respected. Initiatives that promote teamwork, collaboration, and respect for diversity contribute to a healthier school culture.

Encouraging student involvement in extracurricular activities can also cultivate connections among peers, reducing feelings of isolation and promoting a sense of belonging. When students feel connected, they are less likely to engage in harmful behaviors.

6.2 Promoting Kindness and Resilience

Creating an inclusive and diverse school environment is crucial for enhancing safety. Schools should implement programs that celebrate different cultures, backgrounds, and perspectives, fostering understanding and respect among students. Diversity training for both staff and students can promote awareness and decrease prejudice and discrimination.

Students often mimic what they see in adults. So educators with a clear plan for school safety, one they hold themselves accountable to follow, become role models for students. Encouraging dialogue amongst students helps build empathy among students, creating a culture of acceptance and support. This environment can lead to a significant reduction in bullying and harassment incidents.

6.3 Addressing Bullying and Harassment

Addressing bullying and harassment is an integral part of improving school safety. Implementing anti-bullying programs and policies sets clear expectations for behavior and provides resources for students who experience bullying. Schools must create avenues for reporting such incidents confidentially and without fear of retaliation.

Training staff to identify and respond to bullying effectively ensures that interventions are timely and appropriate. Promoting a culture of respect and accountability among students can significantly decrease instances of bullying and contribute to a safer school environment.

7. Conclusion

Enhancing school safety requires a multifaceted approach that addresses prevention, physical security, emergency preparedness, communication, and school climate. By identifying potential threats, preparing students and staff, implementing enhanced physical security measures, and fostering positive relationships, schools can create a safe and supportive environment for learning. Parental involvement through discussion of school safety policies, transparency about potential threats and clear and timely communication with parents will foster feelings of trust. And collaboration with local authorities further enhance these efforts, ensuring that schools are prepared to respond effectively in emergencies. Prioritizing school safety focused mental health programs and implementing robust communication strategies can also make a significant difference in school safety.

1. National Association of School Psychologists. (2017). Best Practice Considerations for Armed Assailant Drills in Schools. ↩︎
2. Jones, R. T., & Randall, J. (1994). Rehearsal-plus: Coping with fire emergencies and reducing fire-related fears. Fire technology, 30, 432-444. ↩︎
3. Miltenberger, R. G., Gatheridge, B. J., Satterlund, M., Egemo-Helm, K. R., Johnson, B. M., Jostad, C., Kelso, P., & Flessner, C. A. (2005). Teaching safety skills to children to prevent gun play: an evaluation of in situ training. Journal of applied behavior analysis, 38(3), 395–398. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.2005.130-04 ↩︎
4. Zhe, E. J., & Nickerson, A. B. (2007). Effects of an intruder crisis drill on children’s knowledge, anxiety, and perceptions of school safety. School Psychology Review, 36(3), 501-508. ↩︎